Florentines were one of the driving forces behind the Age of Discovery. At the end of World War II in May 1945, the US Army's Information and Educational Branch was ordered to establish an overseas university campus for demobilised American service men and women in Florence, Italy. Following Lorenzo de' Medici's death in 1492, he was succeeded by his son Piero II. This area is commonly referred to as the ZTL (Zona Traffico Limitato), which is divided into several subsections. The city attracts millions of tourists each year, and UNESCO declared the Historic Centre of Florence a World Heritage Site in 1982. Research institutes and university departments are located within the Florence area and within two campuses at Florentines drove out the Medici for a second time and re-established a republic on 16 May 1527.

", "Italian hotspots struggling with 'too many tourists, "Florence seeks a better class of tourist to share its besieged medieval treasures", "Florence mayor aims to keep picnicking tourists at bay with hosepipes", "Florence is hosing down monuments to deter tourists", "The Power of the Past with Bill Moyers: Florence", "Uffizi Gallery Florence • Uffizi Museum • Ticket Reservation", "Palace of Bargello ( Bargello's Palace ), Florence Italy – ItalyGuides.it", "Inner court of Pitti Palace (Palazzo Pitti), Florence Italy – ItalyGuides.it", "Auxologia: Graziella Magherini: La Sindrome di Stendhal (book)", "Why Was Florence Considered Important For Culture And Arts? Shortly before leaving Florence, as they knew that they would soon have to retreat, the Germans executed many freedom fighters and political opponents publicly, in streets and squares including the Piazza Santo Spirito. Established from 1920 to 1922[42] in a wing of the Palazzo dello Strozzino, it used to be called the Cinema Teatro Savoia (Savoy Cinema-Theatre), yet was later called Odeon. The rules shift during the tourist-filled summers, putting more restrictions on where one can get in and out.[104]. [49], Much like the rest of Italy most of the people in Florence are Roman Catholic, with more than 90% of the population belonging to the Archdiocese of Florence. Combined Volume.3rd edition. Two superb collections of sculpture are in the Bargello and the Museum of the Works of the Duomo.

The Scoppio del Carro ("Explosion of the Cart") is a celebration of the First Crusade. L'Aquila, AbruzzoAosta, Aosta ValleyBari, ApuliaPotenza, Basilicata, Catanzaro, CalabriaNaples, CampaniaBologna, Emilia-RomagnaTrieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Rome, LazioGenoa, LiguriaMilan, LombardyAncona, Marche, Campobasso, MoliseTurin, PiedmontCagliari, SardiniaPalermo, Sicily, Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige/SüdtirolFlorence, TuscanyPerugia, UmbriaVenice, Veneto, Capital and most populated city of the Italian region of Tuscany, "Firenze" redirects here. [79] In fact the city is so rich in art that some first time visitors experience the Stendhal syndrome as they encounter its art for the first time. It is linked to the Uffizi and the Palazzo Pitti through the Corridoio Vasariano. Artists from other regions who worked in Florence include Raphael, Andrea Pisano, Giambologna, Il Sodoma and Peter Paul Rubens. Although its vocabulary and pronunciation are largely identical to standard Italian, differences do exist. The Florence Airport, Peretola, is one of two main airports in the Tuscany region though it is not widely used by popular airlines.

The Ponte Vecchio, The San Lorenzo Market and Santa Maria Novella are plagued by pickpockets. [88], In the 14th century, Petrarch[89] and Giovanni Boccaccio[89] led the literary scene in Florence after Dante's death in 1321. The Allied soldiers who died driving the Germans from Tuscany are buried in cemeteries outside the city (Americans about nine kilometres (5.6 miles) south of the city, British and Commonwealth soldiers a few kilometres east of the centre on the right bank of the Arno). Similarly, t between vowels is pronounced [θ] as in English thin, and p in the same position is the bilabial fricative [ɸ]. The Uffizi is located at the corner of Piazza della Signoria, a site important for being the centre of Florence's civil life and government for centuries. The Florence-Prato-Pistoia industrial districts and areas were known as the 'Third Italy' in the 1990s, due to the exports of high-quality goods and automobile (especially the Vespa) and the prosperity and productivity of the Florentine entrepreneurs. The Golden Age of Florentine art began around this time. The Piazza (first renamed Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II, then Piazza della Repubblica, the present name) was significantly widened and a large triumphal arch was constructed at the west end. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,084 inhabitants in 2013, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.[4]. Lorenzo de' Medici was considered a political and cultural mastermind of Italy in the late 15th century. The nearby Campanile (partly designed by Giotto) and the Baptistery buildings are also highlights. Other squares include the Piazza San Marco, the Piazza Santa Maria Novella, the Piazza Beccaria and the Piazza della Libertà. The first American University for service personnel was established in June 1945 at the School of Aeronautics in Florence, Italy. International visitors use 75% of the rooms; some 18% of those were from the U.S.[61] In 2014, the city had 8.5 million overnight stays. The cathedral is Santa Maria del Fiore. Several monuments are located in Florence: the Florence Baptistery with its mosaics; the cathedral with its sculptures, the medieval churches with bands of frescoes; public as well as private palaces: Palazzo Vecchio, Palazzo Pitti, Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Palazzo Davanzati; monasteries, cloisters, refectories; the "Certosa". Florence also contains various parks and gardens. This is the version of our website addressed to speakers of English in the United States. In June 2017, he instituted a programme of spraying church steps with water to prevent tourists from using such areas as picnic spots. Kingdom of Etruria 1801–1807 P.Iva 05515250487, Tuscany in One Day Sightseeing Tour from Florence, Pisa, Siena and San Gimignano Day Trip from Florence Including Lunch, Cinque Terre Day Trip from Florence with Optional Hiking, Who says summer 2020 is canceled?! [59] Thus, cultural tourism is particularly strong, with world-renowned museums such as the Uffizi selling over 1.93 million tickets in 2014. "No museum visit, just a photo from the square, the bus back and then on to Venice... We don’t want tourists like that," he said. Such include the Via Camillo Cavour, one of the main roads of the northern area of the historic centre; the Via Ghibellina, one of central Florence's longest streets; the Via dei Calzaiuoli, one of the most central streets of the historic centre which links Piazza del Duomo to Piazza della Signoria, winding parallel to via Roma and Piazza della Repubblica; the Via de' Tornabuoni, a luxurious street in the city centre that goes from Antinori square to ponte Santa Trinita, across Piazza Santa Trinita, characterised by the presence of fashion boutiques; the Viali di Circonvallazione, 6-lane boulevards surrounding the northern part of the historic centre; as well as others, such as Via Roma, Via degli Speziali, Via de' Cerretani, and the Viale dei Colli. A temporary arena is constructed, with bleachers and a sand-covered playing field. Pico della Mirandola, Leonardo Bruni, Machiavelli, and many others laid the groundwork for modern scientific understanding. Petrarch was an all-rounder writer, author and poet, but was particularly known for his Canzoniere, or the Book of Songs, where he conveyed his unremitting love for Laura. [10] The value tourism to the city totalled some €2.5 billion in 2015 and the number of visitors had increased by 5.5% from the previous year. The Palazzo Strozzi, an example of civil architecture with its rusticated stone, was inspired by the Palazzo Medici, but with more harmonious proportions. Several Italian cities were "larger on the musical map than their real-size for power suggested. Carolingian Empire 774–797 More recently, the Bolgheri region (about 150 km (93 mi) southwest of Florence) has become celebrated for its "Super Tuscan" reds such as Sassicaia and Ornellaia. [12], Florence plays an important role in Italian fashion,[11] and is ranked in the top 15 fashion capitals of the world by Global Language Monitor;[13] furthermore, it is a major national economic centre,[11] as well as a tourist and industrial hub. Florence contains various theatres and cinemas. The two buildings incorporate in their decoration the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Other local railways connect Florence with Borgo San Lorenzo in the Mugello area (Faentina railway) and Siena. [10], The language spoken in the city during the 14th century came to be accepted as the model for what would become the Italian language. It was begun in 1296 in the Gothic style to a design of Arnolfo di Cambio and was structurally completed by 1436, with the dome designed by Filippo Brunelleschi. The Boroughs have the power to advise the Mayor with nonbinding opinions on a large spectrum of topics (environment, construction, public health, local markets) and exercise the functions delegated to them by the City Council; in addition they are supplied with an autonomous founding in order to finance local activities. [32], The traditional boroughs of the whole comune of Florence, The 5 administrative boroughs of the whole comune of Florence. Mobike, a Chinese dockless bike sharing company, has been operating in Florence since July 2017. [38] The centre of the city is contained in medieval walls that were built in the 14th century to defend the city. Furthermore, there is the Piazza Santa Trinita, a square near the Arno that mark the end of the Via de' Tornabuoni street. During World War II the city experienced a year-long German occupation (1943–1944) being part of the Italian Social Republic.

114). In 1100, Florence was a "Commune", meaning a city state. Since then the bridges have been restored to their original forms using as many of the remaining materials as possible, but the buildings surrounding the Ponte Vecchio have been rebuilt in a style combining the old with modern design. Giulio Caccini's book Le Nuove Musiche was significant in performance practice technique instruction at the time. Florence was a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era. The Bourbon-Parma were deposed in December 1807 when Tuscany was annexed by France.

Lorenzo was an accomplished poet and musician and brought composers and singers to Florence, including Alexander Agricola, Johannes Ghiselin, and Heinrich Isaac.

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